Access To Medical Services in Remote Areas: an Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Health Policies and International Engagement Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOS) in Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Public health in remote areas of Indonesia still faces serious challenges, even though the government has implemented various health policies to improve access to medical services. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of national health policies in improving access to medical services in remote areas and to examine the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in supporting the implementation of these policies. This study employs a qualitative approach using literature review and document analysis methods, encompassing health-related laws and regulations, government policy documents, reports from international organizations, and relevant academic literature. The analysis results indicate that while national health policies have increased the availability of health facilities, the effectiveness of access and the quality of services in remote areas remain hindered by infrastructure limitations, uneven distribution of medical personnel, and administrative and geographical constraints. INGO involvement serves as a supportive mechanism through local capacity building, the provision of complementary services, and the facilitation of policy implementation in areas difficult for the state to reach. However, such involvement also raises challenges regarding institutional coordination and the limits of national health policy sovereignty. This study concludes that improving access to health services in remote areas requires a more integrated policy approach, strengthening the state’s role while clearly and accountably regulating the involvement of international actors
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
How to Cite
References
Bagherani, N., Shaheydar, A., Smoller, B. R., & Kajbaf, H. A. (2022). Legal State of Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) in the International Law. Lampung Journal of International Law, 4(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i1.2525
Brass, J. N., Longhofer, W., Robinson, R. S., & Schnable, A. (2018). NGOs and international development: A review of thirty-five years of scholarship. World Development, 112(December), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.07.016
Cahya, R., Wahyu Sulistiadi, Tu, N. F., & Trenggono, P. H. (2023). Dampak Hambatan Geografis dan Strategi Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan : Literature Review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 6(5), 868–877. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i5.2935
Damayanti, R. (2020). Peran INGO Save the Children Dalam Menangani Kasus Stunting Di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2019. UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA.
Dunn, W. N. (2017). Public Policy Analysis: An Integrated Approach (6th ed.). Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315181226
Firdaus, Ahmad, S., Akhyar, & Haeril. (2024). Efektivitas Program Kesehatan Berbasis Masyarakat untuk Mengurangi Prevalensi Stunting di Kabupaten Bima. JSIM: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan, 5(3), 366–376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/cdj.v5i3.27964
Gaber, J. (2019). Building “A Ladder of Citizen Participation”: Sherry Arnstein, Citizen Participation, and Model Cities. Journal of the American Planning Association, 85(3), 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2019.1612267
Gedeona, H. T. (2015). Tata kelola perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembanguanan kesehatan (studi mengenai partisipasi masyarakat dan kompleksitasnya di Kota Cimahi). Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi, 12(1), 95–114.
Jubaidi, D., & Khoirunnisa, K. (2025). Populist Parties and Pork-Barrel Politics in Indonesia: The Erosion of Political Morality. SOSHUM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 15(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v15i2.108-116
Khoirunnisa, K., & Jubaidi, D. (2023). Exploring the Meaning of Faith and Kufr: Perspectives of Islamic Theological Schools. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(104(5)), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.510
Laksono, A. D., & Sukoco, N. E. W. (2016). Studi Kasus Aksesibilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat. In Aksesibilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Indonesia (Issue July 2018, pp. 85–107).
Luti, I., Hasanbasri, M., & Lazuardi, L. (2012). Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Meningkatkan Sistem Rujukan Kesehatan Daerah Kepulauan Di Kabupaten Lingga Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 01(01), 24–35. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jkki/article/viewFile/3072/2728
Madjid, A. (2020). Mengobati Sakit Ditengah Keterbatasan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Modern di Pulau Mare Kota Tidore. ETNOHISTORI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan Dan Kesejarahan, VII(2), 199–210.
Mandaru, S. S. . (2021). The Use of Local Language On Health Promotion Media to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Jurnal Communio : Ilmu Komunikasi, 10(1), 39–58.
Nadia, Hadiwiardjo, Y. H., & Nugrohowati, N. (2023). Implementasi Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional terhadap Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Promotif dan Preventif. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 12(5), 88–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v12i05.2267
Nuurjannah, N, Y. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Kota Bandung. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Pemerintahan Daerah, 13(2), 63–77. https://ejournal.ipdn.ac.id/JAPD/article/view/2246
Pohan, M., & Halim, R. (2018). Analisis Ketersediaan Infrastruktur Kesehatan Dan Aksesibilitas Terhadap Pembangunan Kesehatan Penduduk Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 16(1), 77–91.
Rahmania, S., Yusran, S., & Kusnan, A. (2021). Implementasi Manajemen Pelayanan Puskesmas Akreditasi di Kabupaten Muna Barat. NURSING UPDATE, 12(2), 1–15.
Ruslang, R. R., & Diah Ayu Puspandari. (2023). Korelasi Disparitas Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas Terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Kabupaten Poso. Jurnal Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, 3(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.53756/jjkn.v3i2.162
Saputra, A. (2024). Analisis Kebijakan Kesehatan Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Kesehatan Puskesmas Di Kota Medan. Jomantara: Indonesian Journal of Art and Culture, 15(Volume 15 No. 02 Juni 2024), 210–227. https://doi.org/10.23969/kebijakan.v15i02.10182
Sinta Maulina. (2024). Kualitas Tenaga dan Dinamika Kolaborasi dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan di Daerah Terpencil. PUSAT KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMASI PUBLIK (PKIP). https://unair.ac.id/kualitas-tenaga-dan-dinamika-kolaborasi-dalam-pelayanan-kesehatan-di-daerah-terpencil/
Siregar, M., & Wardani, L. (2018). Kontribusi Lembaga Internasional Non-Pemerintah dalam Peningkatan Akses Kesehatan di Daerah Pedalaman. Jurnal Sosial Dan Kesehatan, 15(3), 187–205.
Siregar, R. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Vaksinasi Covid -19 Di Puskesmas Kedungdoro Kecamatan Tegalsari Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 10(2), 471–486.
Su’udi, A., Putranto, R. H., Harna, H., Irawan, A. M. A., & Fatmawati, I. (2022). Analisis Kondisi Geografis dan Ketersediaan Peralatan di Puskesmas Terpencil/Sangat Terpencil di Indonesia. Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 16(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v16i2.1246
Sulaiman Sulaiman, Ismail Efendy, & Tri Niswati Utami. (2024). Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Di Puskesmas. Jurnal Ventilator: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Dan Keperawatan, 2(1), 86–101.
Syahdilla, I., & Susilawati, S. (2023). Analisis Distribusi Sumber Daya Manusia Kesehatan Berdasarkan Standar Ketenagaan Puskesmas di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Jurnal SAGO Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 4(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v4i2.1267
Usman, Wartoyo, Haida, N., & Wahyuningsih, N. (2024). Implementasi Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) Di Indonesia Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Al-Masharif : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Keislaman, 11(1), 108–126.
Vinsenio Dugis. (2016). Teori Hubungan Internasional Perspektif Klasik. In Cakra Studi Global Strategis (CSGS) (I). PT Revka Petra Media. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vinsensio-Dugis/publication/321709080_Teori_Hubungan_Internasional_Perspektif-Perspektif_Klasik/links/5a7f16a80f7e9be137c71dbb/Teori-Hubungan-Internasional-Perspektif-Perspektif-Klasik.pdf
WHO. (2015). Improving Health Systems in Remote Areas: Challenges and Best Practices. WHO Press.
Wilem Reinhart Ridolof Pomeo, & Eko Winarti. (2024). Dinamika Implementasi Kebijakan Penempatan Tenaga Kesehatan di Daerah Terpencil : Tantangan dan Realitas Lapangan. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5, 2309–2329.
Zelika, H., & As’ari, H. (2022). Implementasi Program Penerima Bantuan Iuran. Jurnal Hukum Politik Dan Ilmu Sosial (Jhpis), 1(4),